Linking research & learning technologies through standards

We have already mentioned that the recent quarterly IMS meeting concentrated on developments in Common Cartridge, and how Common Cartridge is being aligned with other initiatives underway in IMS. One of those initiatives is Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI), and was the subject of a developer workshop there.

The other major initiative involving Common Cartridge are Curriculum Standards, which are being added to Common Cartridge as metadata. We have also discussed here the importance of machine-readable curricula, and how they can be exploited as metadata for learning objects—to enable more focused discovery of learning objects, and better alignment of resources to a school’s curriculum. Including Curriculum Standards in Common Cartridge addresses these concerns expressly.
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Reflections on e-Humanities workshop, Melbourne e-Research Scholarship Centre, 2009-08-12

Building generic ICT infrastructure to support humanities research seems to be a difficult task. The standard approach is to

1. collect a bunch of usage stories from different communities
2. infer common business processes based on those stories
3. build infrastructure that supports those business processes

The theory is that a community would then take the generic infrastructure and customise it to meet their particular needs. The problem is that there is something about the humanities that makes generic business processes hard to find.

We’ve blogged previously about the Project Bamboo approach to finding generic e-Humanities business processes. Project Bamboo certainly had difficulty converting its scholarly narratives into common recipes. Maybe there aren’t any processes common to the different strands of humanities research? Unlikely. Rather, the fierce independence of humanities researchers makes it difficult to infer commonalities. Suggesting to a humanities researcher that she might have a research process in common with her peers carries with it an inference that her research is not unique. Even uttering the phrase “business process”  can put humanities researchers offside (some of them conflate business and commerce).

In this context, there was a little nervousness leading up to the Interconnections and Services in the eHumanities: Reflecting on Current Initiatives workshop hosted by the University of Melbourne eScholarship Research Centre on 12 August.
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Introducing SUM Composition Diagrams

In our continuing quest to help identify common services for generic infrastructure, we present a modular extension to the e-Framework. In the e-Framework, a Service Usage Model (SUM) usually represents an orchestration of services to support a few closely related business processes in a particular context. We are instead developing SUMs that group generic functionality useful in a wide range of contexts. To make this work, we need a notation more precise than standard SUM diagrams: SUM Composition Diagrams. Details below the fold.

A SUM Composition diagram for a collaborative biographical encyclopaedia. A forthcoming blog post will describe this SUM and its components in detail.

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The IMS Global quarterly meeting for mid-2009 was held at TELUQ, the distance education arm of the Université du Québec à Montréal, and a leader in e-learning research. This meeting incorporated workshops on Common Cartridge; Learning Tools Interoperability; and Curriculum Standards. (See the programme for the meeting.)

Many of the areas being addressed by the Digital Education Revolution were key concerns of the meeting:

• Lesson Plans (as they are being integrated into Common Cartridge)
• The interaction of web 2.0 technologies, and widgets in particular, with learning design tools
• Curriculum Description (as it is being integrated into Common Cartridge)
• Learning Content Discovery and Exchange (the IMS LODE project)
• Trials of Learning Tools Interoperability
• Future directions of IMS Learning Design.

One of the key focuses of the workshop was Common Cartridge as a way of packaging and distributing learning content. Common Cartridge is now up to version 1.1, and it has become important for IMS as an anchor for other activities enabling more effective learning. The meeting dedicated a day each to workshops exploring how Common Cartridge will interact with two major new initiatives, Curriculum Description and Learning Tools Interoperability.
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Project Bamboo is an Andrew W Mellon Foundation-sponsored project that aims to dramatically improve the way digital technologies are used in humanities research, with a particular focus on shared services infrastructure. The main participants are humanities departments and libraries in major US universities such as Chicago and Berkley, but overseas universities including Cambridge, Oxford, ANU and the University of Melbourne are represented.

Founded in March 2008, Project Bamboo has run five workshops to turn input from the e-Scholarship community into a proposal which it will submit to the Andrew W Mellon Foundation at the end of 2009. The proposal will describe a 7-10 year process, but will focus heavily on implementation in years 1 and 2.

As the project has developed, its thinking has evolved. The project began in more optimistic financial conditions, and implicitly supported a very wide agenda to be realised over ten years. This includes shared services, an extensive, ongoing business analysis model (scholarly narratives, recipes, activities in theme groups, and a marketplace for goods, services for labour (Bamboo Exchange). The project argues that with a solid service based infrastructure supporting reusable applications and tools across different institutions, the cost and effort of using technology in humanities research will be reduced, with many new benefits. With the current global financial situation, the project’s immediate scope has become focused on two parts:

• The Bamboo Services Platform is a cloud-based environment which will host shared services useful to researchers in e-Humanities. They will include existing services and applications re-engineered for the new platform, as well as novel services created to fill identified niches.
• The Bamboo Commons is a broad discovery mechanism that allows Bamboo participants to find Bamboo services, tools, business analysis – and each other.

Link Affiliates has submitted two recipes and is using the e-Framework to model solutions to the problems they pose. The e-Framework with its principled binding of services analysis to business requirements is well positioned to offer a structured approach to the problem of interoperability of services, tools, content and business processes within the digital humanities sector.